Hydration

There are several methods to filter water in the backcountry: pump filters, gravity filters, squeeze filters, UV purifiers, and chemical treatments. Pump and gravity filters physically remove bacteria and protozoa, while UV devices like SteriPen neutralize pathogens using ultraviolet light. Chemical treatments (like chlorine dioxide tablets) are lightweight and compact but take longer to be effective and may affect taste. Choose the method based on your group size, time constraints, and water source.

Yes — even the clearest alpine stream can contain harmful bacteria like Giardia, Cryptosporidium, or E. coli from animal or human contamination upstream. Always filter or purify your water when outdoors to avoid potentially debilitating illnesses that could ruin your hunt or backcountry experience.

A water filter removes bacteria, protozoa, and sediment through a physical barrier but doesn’t eliminate viruses. A water purifier (typically UV or chemical-based) goes a step further and neutralizes viruses, which are more of a concern in heavily traveled or developing regions. For most North American hunts, a high-quality filter is sufficient, but for international travel or suspect water sources, a purifier is the better choice.

Bladders (1–3L) are great for staying hydrated on the move and fit inside most packs. Bottles are easier to access for quick sips or when filtering water directly. Soft flasks are ultra-lightweight, collapsible, and work well with squeeze filters. Many hunters carry a combination, a bladder for drinking on the go, a bottle for filtering/cooking, and a soft flask as a lightweight backup.

After every trip, rinse your bladders, bottles, and filters with warm water and a mild soap. Use cleaning tablets or bleach solutions as needed. For bladders and hoses, drying completely is crucial, hang them upside down with the cap open or use drying racks to prevent mold. Filters should be backflushed and stored dry (unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer) to preserve flow rate and function.

Yes — if your filter contains water and freezes, the internal membranes can crack and become ineffective, even if it looks fine. Always store your filter in your sleeping bag or close to your body overnight in freezing temperatures, and never use a filter that may have frozen unless the manufacturer confirms it’s safe.